7.1 Simple Past Tense — నిన్న జరిగిన పనులు
Simple Past ను గతంలో జరిగి పూర్తయిన పనులకు వాడతారు. ఇందులో ఒకే ఒక నియమం — Verb యొక్క Past రూపం (V2) వాడాలి.
Past Tense లో రెండు రకాల Verbs:
- Regular Verbs (సాధారణ): చివర '-ed' కలుపుతారు — walk → walked , play → played
- Irregular Verbs (అసాధారణ): పూర్తిగా మారుతాయి — go → went , eat → ate , see → saw
7.2 Simple Past — Positive Sentences
Rule: Subject + Verb (Past form) + Object
| Present (V1) | Past (V2) | Example Sentence |
|---|
| eat | ate | I ate an apple. |
| go | went | She went to school. |
| play | played | We played cricket. |
| read | read (ఉచ్చారణ: రెడ్) | He read a book. |
| see | saw | They saw a movie. |
REMEMBER: Past Tense లో Subject (I, He, She, We, They) ప్రకారం Verb మారదు — అందరికీ ఒకే Past రూపం!
I went, He went, They went — అన్ని ఒకటే.
7.3 Simple Past — Negative Sentences
Rule: Subject + did not + Verb (base form — V1)
'did not' ను తరచుగా "didn't" అని కుదించి వాడతారు.
| Positive | Negative |
|---|
| I ate an apple. | I did not eat an apple. |
| She went to school. | She did not go to school. |
| We played cricket. | We did not play cricket. |
| They saw a movie. | They did not see a movie. |
IMPORTANT: Negative లో Verb ఎప్పుడూ base form (V1) లోనే ఉండాలి.
Wrong: did not went. Correct: did not go.
7.4 Simple Past — Question Sentences
Rule: Did + Subject + Verb (base form) + Object?
| Positive | Question | Short Answer |
|---|
| I ate an apple. | Did I eat an apple? | Yes, you did. / No, you didn't. |
| She went to school. | Did she go to school? | Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. |
| They saw a movie. | Did they see a movie? | Yes, they did. / No, they didn't. |
Wh- Questions (Past):
- What did you eat? (మీరు ఏమి తిన్నారు?)
- Where did she go? (ఆమె ఎక్కడికి వెళ్ళింది?)
7.5 Simple Future Tense — రేపు జరగబోయే పనులు
Simple Future ను భవిష్యత్తులో జరిగే పనులకు వాడతారు. ఇందులో 'will' అనే పదాన్ని Verb ముందు పెడతారు.
Positive: Rule: Subject + will + Verb (base form) + Object
- I will eat an apple.
- She will go to school.
Negative: Rule: Subject + will not + Verb (base form)
- I will not eat an apple.
- Short form: "won't" — She won't go.
Question: Rule: Will + Subject + Verb (base form)?
- Will you eat an apple?
- Short Answer: Yes, I will. / No, I won't.
7.6 'Going to' — మరోక రకమైన భవిష్యత్తు
'Will' తో పాటు, 'going to' ను కూడా భవిష్యత్తు కోసం వాడుతారు. కానీ దీని అర్థం "ఇప్పటికే ప్లాన్ చేసిన పని" లేదా "ఖచ్చితంగా జరగబోయేది" అని.
- I am going to eat an apple. (నేను ఆపిల్ తినటానికి ప్లాన్ చేశాను.)
- She is going to study. (ఆమె చదువుతుంది — ఖచ్చితంగా.)
DIFFERENCE:
'Will' — ఆకస్మిక నిర్ణయాలు (ఫోన్ మోగింది → I will answer).
'Going to' — ముందే ప్లాన్ చేసిన పనులు (I am going to call you tomorrow).
7.7 Three Tenses Compared
| Tense | Sentence | Meaning |
|---|
| Present | I eat an apple. | నేను ఆపిల్ తింటాను (సాధారణ అలవాటు). |
| Past | I ate an apple. | నేను ఆపిల్ తిన్నాను (నిన్న/గతంలో). |
| Future | I will eat an apple. | నేను ఆపిల్ తింటాను (రేపు/భవిష్యత్తులో). |
7.8 Practical Dialogue (సంభాషణ)
(Note: This dialogue has been written to fill the gap in the original PDF, covering Past and Future tenses.)
- Ravi: Hi Kiran! What did you do yesterday?
- Kiran: I went to the market and bought some fruits.
- Ravi: Did you buy mangoes?
- Kiran: No, I didn't. The mangoes were too expensive.
- Ravi: That's sad. What are you going to do tomorrow?
- Kiran: I am going to visit my grandmother.
- Ravi: Will you come back on Sunday?
- Kiran: Yes, I will.
7.9 Common Mistakes (తరచుగా చేసే తప్పులు)
(Note: The text in the original PDF was corrupted here; this table has been fully corrected).
| Mistake (తప్పు) | Correct (సరైనది) | Explanation |
|---|
| "I go to school yesterday." | "I went to school yesterday." | Past tense లో Verb యొక్క V2 రూపం వాడాలి. |
| "She didn't went." | "She didn't go." | Negative లో Verb base form ఉండాలి. |
| "Did you ate?" | "Did you eat?" | Question లో Verb base form ఉండాలి. |
| "I will going to school." | "I will go to school." | 'Will' తర్వాత base form వస్తుంది. |
| "I am going to went." | "I am going to go." | 'Going to' తర్వాత base form వస్తుంది. |
Chapter 7 Quiz
1. "I ___ an apple yesterday." — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?
A. eat
B. eating
C. ate
D. will eat
2. "She didn't ___ to school." — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?
A. went
B. go
C. going
D. goes
3. "Did you ___ the movie?" — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?
A. saw
B. seen
C. see
D. seeing
4. "I will ___ to market tomorrow." — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?
A. went
B. going
C. goes
D. go
5. "I ___ going to visit my friend." — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?
A. will
B. am
C. did
D. was
6. "Where ___ you go yesterday?" — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?
A. did
B. will
C. do
D. are
7. "He ___ not come to the party last night." — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?
A. will
B. did
C. does
D. is
8. "They ___ not come to school yesterday." — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?
A. did
B. will
C. do
D. are
9. "___ she eat dinner last night?" — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?
A. Did
B. Will
C. Does
D. Is
10. "I ___ you tomorrow." — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?
A. call
B. will call
C. called
D. am calling