Part 1: Grammar & Conversation

Chapter 6: Simple Present Tense

రోజువారీ పనులు, అలవాట్లు & సత్యాలను ఇంగ్లీషులో చెప్పడం

6.1 When to Use Simple Present Tense?

ఈ కాలాన్ని 3 ప్రధాన సందర్భాలలో వాడతారు:

Context	Explanation	Example
1. Habits (అలవాట్లు)	రోజూ చేసే పనులు	I wake up at 6 AM.
2. Facts (శాశ్వత సత్యాలు)	ఎప్పుడూ మారని నిజాలు	The sun rises in the east.
3. Schedules (షెడ్యూల్స్)	రైలు, బస్సు, సినిమా టైమింగ్స్	The train leaves at 5 PM.

6.2 The Rule — Verb Form by Subject

Simple Present Tense లో, Verb (క్రియ) రూపం Subject ను బట్టి మారుతుంది. ఒక్క ముఖ్యమైన నియమం:

I, You, We, They + Verb (base form — 's' లేకుండా)
I eat, You eat, We eat, They eat
He, She, It + Verb + 's' (లేదా 'es')
He eats, She eats, It eats

Adding 's' — The Rules (సరైన రూపం ఎలా చేర్చాలి?):

సాధారణ Verbs కు 's' కలుపుతారు: play → plays, read → reads
Verbs 's', 'sh', 'ch', 'x', 'o' తో అయితే 'es' కలుపుతారు: go → goes, watch → watches, fix → fixes
Verbs 'y' తో అయితే, ఆ 'y' ని 'i' గా మార్చి 'es' కలుపుతారు: study → studies, fly → flies
Exception: have → has (He/She/It కోసం)

6.3 Positive Sentences

Subject	Verb	Object/Complement	Full Sentence
I	eat	an apple	I eat an apple.
You	like	coffee	You like coffee.
We	play	cricket	We play cricket.
They	go	to school	They go to school.
He	eats	an apple	He eats an apple.
She	reads	a book	She reads a book.
It	drinks	milk	It drinks milk.

6.4 Negative Sentences

Negative వాక్యాలు చేయడానికి do not (I/You/We/They కోసం) లేదా does not (He/She/It కోసం) వాడాలి. ఆ తర్వాత Verb ఎప్పుడూ base form (అంటే 's' లేకుండా) లోనే ఉండాలి.

Positive	Negative	Short Form
I eat.	I do not eat.	I don't eat.
You like coffee.	You do not like coffee.	You don't like coffee.
He eats.	He does not eat.	He doesn't eat.
She reads a book.	She does not read a book.	She doesn't read a book.

IMPORTANT: He/She/It కు "does not" వాడినప్పుడు, Verb నుండి 's' ను తీసేయాలి.
Correct: She does not read.
Wrong: She does not reads.

6.5 Question Sentences

ప్రశ్న అడగడానికి Do (I/You/We/They కోసం) లేదా Does (He/She/It కోసం) వాక్యం మొదట ఉంచాలి. Verb ఎప్పుడూ base form లోనే ఉండాలి.

Positive	Question	Short Answer
I eat an apple.	Do I eat an apple?	Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
You like coffee.	Do you like coffee?	Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
He eats an apple.	Does he eat an apple?	Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
She reads a book.	Does she read a book?	Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

IMPORTANT: 'Do' లేదా 'Does' తో ప్రశ్న అడిగినప్పుడు, Verb నుండి 's' తీసేయాలి.
Correct: Does she read?
Wrong: Does she reads?

6.6 Wh- Questions (ఎవరు? ఏమి? ఎక్కడ? ఎప్పుడు?)

'Do/Does' తో పాటు Wh- పదాలను (What, Where, When, Who, Why) వాక్యం మొదట్లో పెడితే, మరింత సమాచారం అడగవచ్చు.

Wh- Word	Example	Meaning
What	What do you eat?	మీరు ఏమి తింటారు?
Where	Where does she work?	ఆమె ఎక్కడ పని చేస్తుంది?
When	When does the train leave?	రైలు ఎప్పుడు బయలుదేరుతుంది?
Why	Why do you cry?	మీరు ఎందుకు ఏడుస్తారు?

6.7 'To Be' Simple Present (am / is / are)

Simple Present లో 'Be' క్రియ (am/is/are) కూడా ఇదే కాలానికి చెందినది. కానీ దీని Negative మరియు Question రూపాలు 'do/does' లేకుండా ఉంటాయి:

Subject	Positive	Negative	Question
I	I am happy.	I am not happy.	Am I happy?
You	You are a student.	You are not a student.	Are you a student?
He	He is tall.	He is not tall.	Is he tall?
She	She is a doctor.	She is not a doctor.	Is she a doctor?
They	They are engineers.	They are not engineers.	Are they engineers?

6.8 Practical Dialogue (సంభాషణ)

కింది సంభాషణను బిగ్గరగా చదవండి. ఇందులో Simple Present Tense వాక్యాలు, Negative, Questions అన్ని ఉన్నాయి:

Kiran: Hi, Sandhya! What do you do in the morning?
Sandhya: I wake up at 6 AM. I brush my teeth and take a shower. Then I have breakfast.
Kiran: What do you eat for breakfast?
Sandhya: Usually, I eat idli and sambar. Sometimes I eat dosa.
Kiran: Does your husband eat the same?
Sandhya: No, he doesn't. He eats bread and eggs. He doesn't like South Indian food.
Kiran: Where do you work?
Sandhya: I work in a school. I teach English.
Kiran: Do you like teaching?
Sandhya: Yes, I love it. My students are very good.

6.9 Common Mistakes (తరచుగా చేసే తప్పులు)

Mistake (తప్పు)	Correct (సరైనది)	Explanation
"She go to school."	"She goes to school."	He/She/It కు 's' కలపాలి.
"He don't like tea."	"He doesn't like tea."	He/She/It కు 'doesn't' వాడాలి.
"Does she likes coffee?"	"Does she like coffee?"	Question లో Verb base form వాడాలి.
"I am liking coffee."	"I like coffee."	'Like' కు Continuous రాదు.
"We not play cricket."	"We do not play cricket."	Negative కు 'do not' అవసరం.

Chapter 6 Quiz

1. Simple Present Tense ను ఏ సందర్భంలో వాడతారు?

A. గతంలో జరిగిన పనులకు

B. రోజువారీ అలవాట్లకు

C. భవిష్యత్తు ప్రణాళికలకు

D. నిన్న జరిగిన పనులకు

2. "She ___ a book." — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?

A. read

B. reading

C. reads

D. is read

3. "We ___ cricket." — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?

A. plays

B. playing

C. are play

D. play

4. "He likes tea." — దీని Negative రూపం ఏది?

A. He don't like tea.

B. He not like tea.

C. He doesn't like tea.

D. He doesn't likes tea.

5. "They go to school." — దీని Negative రూపం ఏది?

A. They doesn't go to school.

B. They don't go to school.

C. They not go to school.

D. They don't goes to school.

6. "Does she read a book?" — దీనికి Positive సమాధానం ఏది?

A. Yes, she reads.

B. Yes, she do.

C. Yes, she does.

D. Yes, she read.

7. "Do you like coffee?" — దీనికి Negative సమాధానం ఏది?

A. No, I am not.

B. No, I doesn't.

C. No, I don't like.

D. No, I don't.

8. "What ___ you eat?" — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?

A. do

B. does

C. are

D. is

9. "Where ___ she work?" — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?

A. do

B. is

C. are

D. does

10. "The sun ___ in the east." — ఖాళీలో సరైన పదం ఏది?

A. rise

B. rising

C. rises

D. is rise

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